Control of underground pest, must implement the "prevention first, comprehensive prevention and control of the green plant protection policy of underground pests in tobacco area in our country are mainly the common cutworm, mole crickets, grubs, wireworms 4 categories. The main harm of underground part and near surface stems, often caused by lack of seedling, seedling growth rate or bad, is a major pest early seedbed and transplanting. The combination of prevention and control of adult larvae, growth period of prevention and control combined sowing period, Frequency oscillation pest-killing lamp Physical prevention and control of agriculture combined, will coordinate the various control methods, according to the degree of harm of underground pests in tobacco control under the economic injury level.
Tiger, commonly known as grub, wireworm, cut insects cutworm, are common in tobacco fields of our species cutworm, Agrotis, tiger, tiger and the trigeminal side white tiger. Huang Huai smoke area dominated by small yellow tiger and tiger, northeast area dominated by white smoke to the tiger and the tiger trigeminal, southwest tobacco growing areas dominated by small earth tiger, tiger and tiger yellow.
La La, commonly known as the mole, the dog, Oriental mole cricket and a major common North mole cricket tobacco field of our species.In the Southern tobacco region of Oriental mole cricket damage is heavy, mainly distributed in latitude 32 North mole cricket, in West China, the main harm to the north, northeast and East China region is part of the smoke.
Grub refers to the scarab beetle larvae, are common in tobacco fields of Chinese species of Holotrichia diomphalia, Holotrichia oblita and Scarabaeoidae etc.. Holotrichia diomphalia is mainly distributed in the 3 Northeastern Provinces of the western regions, Holotrichia oblita distributed in Shandong, Henan, Hebei, Shanxi and Liaoning, Xinjiang, Tibet, in addition to Scarabaeoidae reported in all tobacco regions.
The application for beetle larvae, commonly known as iron worm, gold tooth, and a wireworm Agriotes two main common Chinese species in tobacco field. Wireworm occurred in the northeast, Huang Huai, the Yangtze River and other areas, Agriotes occurred in the north and northwest areas.
Harm 2
Tiger is mainly in the first generation larvae transplanting to the rosette stage of seedlings, resulting in sprout deficiency. The newly hatched larvae feeding on tobacco tender small holes or notched, 3 years old, nocturnal, near ground cut stems.
Mole cricket adults and nymphs in tobacco fields and seedbed activities, resulting in the formation of the tunnel arranged in a crisscross pattern of tobacco seedling, dead, feeding also sowed the seeds, roots, stem base after the invasion a mess like.
Adult beetles feeding into tobacco, fireworks, notched holes; larvae feeding on tobacco root, the wound clean, cause the death of seedlings.
The application in tobacco seedlings after transplanting to rosette before moth ground and soil in the stems, with a hole incomplete, sometimes harm roots, the yellow leaves wither, even seedling death.
3 life history and life habit
3.1 tiger
(1) small tiger: in our years due to the ecological conditions of algebra vary, Huang Huai tobacco 3 per year -- the 4 generation, the 5 generation of tobacco regions in 4, 5, 7 generation tobacco growing areas of Southern China, in the southwest, Southern China tobacco area of high temperature, with the larvae or pupae in the vegetable field, rape, wheat harvest in the winter, Huang Huai found no tobacco clareae, overwintering adults from the south in 3 - May to first generation larvae occurrence period, coincided with the beginning of Seedbed and seedling transplanting, suffer heavy. The second, third generation larvae less harm.
(2) yellow tiger: Huang Huai tobacco 3 per year -- the 4 generation, the larvae in the soil under 3 - 7cm in winter. 4 months late to enter the peak period of overwintering larvae pupation, mid to late 4 to mid May for the overwintering generation peak period, mid May to spawning stage. In late May to June for the first generation larvae occurrence period, transplanting to harm the rosette stage of tobacco seedlings. The occurrence period of second generation larvae in late June - early August, the occurrence period of third generation larvae for mid August - September.
Living habits: the adult nocturnal, there is a strong response to the black light lamp. A small tiger has obvious response to sugar and wine vinegar, and have the characteristics of seasonal long distance migration. Yellow tiger on sugar vinegar taxis affected by honey plant. The larvae have suspended, 3 before the age of leaves and leaves part in cluster diurnal feeding, 3 years old, nocturnal, near the surface of the cut stems. The larvae have the habit of cannibalism, hunger and strong resistance. Agrotis segetum larvae have a certain response to fresh Paulownia Leaves and flowers.
3.2 cricket
(1) the North mole: about 3 years to complete the 1 generation to the adult and nymph in soil under 55 100cm in winter. Shandong, Henan, 4 - May to overwintering adult activity period, 6 - July to spawning stage. The newly hatched nymphs with social harm, to around November to 8 - 9 instar nymph overwintering, second years from 12 to 13 instar overwintering, third years in August for eclosion adults overwintering.
(2): Oriental mole cricket completed 2 years of Huang Huai, the northwest and the northeast region of the 1 generation of smoke, smoke occurred 1 generations per year in Southern District, to the adult and nymph in soil under 30 70cm in winter. Shandong, Henan and other places, the harm in seedbed in overwintering adults and nymphs in mid April, late April to early May for the activity period.
Living habits: Cricket nocturnal habits, adults have strong phototaxis. On a very strong sweet substance and raw manure have the chemotaxis, love life in the soil moist, soft in texture. A cluster of nymph.
3.3 grub
(1) Holotrichia oblita: 2 years to complete the 1 generation, with adults and larvae in the soil about 30cm in winter. The spring soil temperature of 10cm up to 13 - 16 degrees 25 degrees adults began unearthed, the most prosperous. Start activity rose to 5 DEG 10cm larvae in spring soil temperature, 13 - 18 for optimum temperature C. In autumn the temperature lower than 5 DEG C when state.
(2) Holotrichia diomphalia: more than 2 years there are 1 generations of adults and larvae can overwinter. According to the observation in Liaoning, 5 months late for the adult peak period in mid July, as the eggs hatching, 10 months late larvae in winter. Second years in late May to early June for overwintering larvae damage peak period in mid September to mid July, mature larvae for soil 20d pupation, emergence as adults, adults had not unearthed overwinter in the soil.
(3) Scarabaeoidae: in Liaoning, Shandong, Anhui Province, has 1 generations every year, the larvae overwinter in the soil. According to the observation in the Shandong area, over wintering larvae began in mid April activities harm, begin to pupate in mid May, late May to mid July for emergence as adults, mating spawning stage, overwintering larvae began in late September.
Living habits: the vast majority of adult beetles are nocturnal habits, daytime lurking in the soil or in the rhizosphere, weeds, evening activities, mating and feeding unearthed. The activities of many kinds of beetles Jiaye with phototaxis, especially for the black light lamp phototaxis is stronger, but the difference between different types of male and female and larger. Adults and feign death and chemotaxis, organic matter, livestock manure rotten has attract oviposition effect. The larvae have 3 instars in the soil through the duration of all.
3.4 wireworms
(1) wireworms: about 3 years to complete the 1 generation, with adult and larva in the soil of 20 - 55cm in winter. In North China, in early March, overwintering adults began its activities in early April for the activity period. The adults mate and lay eggs in 3 - night unearthed in 7cm layers, generally after 35 42d egg hatches into a larva, until third years in late August mature larvae in the soil for soil pupation, September emergence as adults, but had not unearthed in winter.
(2) Agriotes: 2 - 3 years to complete the 1 generation, with adults and larvae in soil under 20 40cm in winter. In the area of Shaanxi, 4 months late for overwintering adult activity period in mid May to spawning stage, spawning in the surface soil of 1 - 3cm in late May to early June for egg hatching. 11 instar larvae of the year to 7, 8 instar larvae overwintering, second years from 7 to August in 20 -- 30cm soil pupation, emergence as adults in March third. In the larval stage, the beginning of the March 10cm soil temperature up to 7 DEG C when the larvae start feeding, early June before the activity period.
Living habits: love wireworm arid environment, the plain dry land, organic matter content and the lack of soil loose silty loam and silty clay loam occurs. Adult day hidden in wheat, tobacco, weeds in the lower part of the back of the blade and the clods, mating and spawning evening activities. A suspended animation. Adult males have a hind wing, phototaxis; female adults without wings, no.
Agriotes requires higher soil moisture, in irrigated land, low-lying wetland, organic matter content of more clay occurred more. The adult nocturnal, has suspended animation, slightly phototaxis, for fresh and slightly wilting weed and crop litter have strong taxis, often clustered in the haystack, can use this habit of killing.
4 control methods
Agricultural control
Reasonable rotation (such as rice), fine roots rake, ploughing irrigation, rational fertilization, farm manure compost.
Physical control:
In the tobacco planting areas using solar frequency trembler grid lamps of adults. Jiaduo Frequency Trembler lamps by solar panels, solar battery, frequency trembler lamp, control system, frequency trembler grid, starting system, high frequency trigger and insect collecting bag etc.. Solar frequency trembler lamps during the day will be the conversion of solar energy into electrical energy stored in the maintenance free energy storage battery; night system automatic controller according to the brightness of the illumination automatic opening frequency vibration type high voltage power grid and insecticidal frequency trembler lamp work. Long distance with light waves, with specific color and odor lure underground pests of tobacco wireworm adult lamp with beat frequency vibration of high voltage power grid close contact to kill insects, the underground pests into adult wireworm lights of the insect receiving bag to , trapping adults in large quantities, so as to control the rate of egg drop down reproduction. A wide variety of pests of Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Orthoptera, Homoptera, Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, Diptera, megaloptera, Trichoptera, Dermaptera, Blattaria 13 to more than 1287 kinds of pests, the number of all kinds of pest trapping solar frequency trembler lamps is generally black light 2 - 5 times.
Wine vinegar treatment:
The adult tiger can use this method. Start early spontaneous moth, the rum vinegar prepared in the basin, in the evening bracket height of about LM on tobacco field. Recipe: brown sugar vinegar 3 copies, 4 copies, 1 copies of wine, water 2, plus the "0.1% trichlorfon" or "phoxim".
The black cutworm larvae trapping method:
Each 667m2 60 - 80 pieces of fresh Paulownia Leaves, in the evening in the uniform field, the 2D before sunrise killing Paulownia Leaves under the leaves larvae, 1 effective trapping period is 4 5d.
Castor trap
Castor plant in the tobacco field around, when castor true leaves, is black gill beetles, chafer beetle trapping adult occurrence, the effect is very good, especially in the eye and high temperature weather, maximum mortality.
